Fig. 3
Effect of kaempferol on inflammatory biomarkers in the testis and epididymis of envenomed treated rats. Data are represented as mean ± SE (n ≥ 5). Bar with different lower-case letter represent significant difference in inflammatory markers of the testis among the groups at p < 0.05 using DMRT. Bar with different upper-case letter represent significant difference in inflammatory markers of epididymis among the groups at p < 0.05 using DMRT. NO Nitric Oxide, MPO Myeloperoxidase. Group 1: Control (Injected with saline only), Group 2: Venom control (Injected with EoV and not treated), Group 3: Injected with EoV and treated with antivenom (0.2 ml), Group 4: Injected with EoV and treated with kaempferol (4 mg/kg−1), Group 5: Injected with EoV and treated with kaempferol (8 mg/kg−1)