Table 4 Sperm abnormalities

Amorphous head

3.66 ± 1.12^e

38.23 ± 1.20^a

26.35 ± 0.27^b

24.41 ± 0.42^c

20.11 ± 0.41^d

Banana shape

3.48 ± 0.36^e

49.33 ± 1.33^a

40.33 ± 0.34^b

30.35 ± 1.15^c

25.22 ± 0.34^d

Folded sperm

4.11 ± 0.16^e

54.42 ± 0.60^a

44.32 ± 0.23^b

38.30 ± 0.43^c

32.41 ± 1.21^d

Short hook

4.32 ± 0.33^e

34.66 ± 0.52^a

26.11 ± 0.22^b

22.10 ± 0.23^c

20.31 ± 1.31^d

Tailless

3.21 ± 0.21^e

40.30 ± 0.42^a

34.08 ± 1.11^b

26.20 ± 1.42^c

21.32 ± 0.42^d

Pin head

2.20 ± 0.25^e

32.21 ± 1.05^a

27.33 ± 1.32^b

24.60 ± 0.63^c

20.10 ± 1.23^d

No hook

3.66 ± 0.66^e

58.34 ± 2.34^a

48.42 ± 1.32^b

39.33 ± 1.11^c

33.18 ± 1.46^d

Total abnormal cells

24.64 ± 1.45^e

307.49 ± 2.46^a

246.94 ± 3.12^b

205.29 ± 2.54^c

172.65 ± 2.88^d

Percentage abnormalities

2.46 ± 0.89^e

30.75 ± 1.28^b

24.69 ± 1.43^c

20.53 ± 1.68^c

17.27 ± 0.98^d