Fig. 3

The impact of different forms of glutathione (GSH) and virgin coconut oil (VCO), including conventional, nanoparticle, and combination forms, on tissue levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in rats with acute liver failure induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Data are the means ± SEM (n = 6). ap < 0.0001 as compared with the control group. ****p < 0.0001 as compared to the CCl4-treated group. ##p < 0.01 and ####p < 0.0001 when contrasted with the related nanoparticle category. Note FO ferric oxide, CS chitosan, Nano-VCO virgin coconut oil nanoparticles, Nano-GSH glutathione nanoparticles, O virgin coconut oil-glutathione combinations, Nano-O virgin coconut oil-glutathione nanoparticle combinations