Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of novel nanoparticle formulations of glutathione and virgin coconut oil in an experimental model of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver failure

Table 4 Effects of conventional glutathione, virgin coconut oil and their nano form alone and in combination on the percentage expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), in the liver of rats exposed to CCL₄ hepatotoxicity

Groups	Control	CCL₄	Fe₃O₄	CS	GSH	VCO	O	Nano-GSH	Nano-VCO	Nano-O
NF-κB	4.607±0.3811	72.04±1.696^a	67.06±0.9757^N	65.64±1.620^N	36.01±1.668****	43.23±1.330****	16.89±0.7239****	24.90±0.7717****^###	29.26±1.897****^####	9.813±0.8599****^#

CCL₄ carbon tetrachloride, Fe₃O₄ ferric oxide, CS chitosan, GSH glutathione, VCO virgin coconut oil, O combination of GSH and VCO
^aValue means there is significant difference between control group and CCL₄ group at P < 0.0001
^NValue means there is no significant difference between CCL₄ group and Fe₃O₄ group or CS group
****Value means there is significant difference between CCL₄ group and treated groups at P < 0.0001
^{###, ####} values mean there is significant difference between the conventional treated group and its nano form treated groups at P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively

ISSN: 2050-6511