Real-world research on beta-blocker usage trends in China and safety exploration based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)

Table 2 Formulas and criteria of ROR and MHRA methods

Methods	Formula	Signal decision threshold
ROR	ROR = ad/bc 95%CI = e^{ln(ROR)±1.96(1/a+1/b+1/c+1/d)^0.5}	95% CI lower limit > 1, n ≥ 3
MHRA	PRR=(a/(a + b))/(c/(c + d)) χ²=(ad−bc)² (a + b + c + d)/[(a + b)(c + d)(a + c)(b + d)]	PRR ≥ 2, χ² ≥ 4, n ≥ 3

ISSN: 2050-6511