Fig. 1

Identification and interaction analysis of differentially expressed benzo(a)pyrene-related targets in COPD. A Venn diagram showing the intersection of DEGs in COPD from the GSE76925 with benzo(a)pyrene-related targets obtained from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and Super-PRED database. B PPI network analysis of the 72 differentially expressed benzo(a)pyrene-related toxicological targets. Each node represents a gene, and edges represent the interactions between them. The color intensity of the nodes indicates the degree of connectivity, with redder nodes having higher connectivity