Fig. 6

Identification of benzo(a)pyrene exposure-related feature genes. A SVM-RFE analysis showing the 5-fold cross-validation accuracy against the number of features. B Lasso regression analysis plot of binomial deviance versus Log(λ). C RF feature importance ranking of genes based on the mean decrease in Gini coefficient with top-ranking genes including CTNNB1, APOE, and SLC1A3. D Venn diagram depicting the overlap of feature genes identified by SVM-RFE, Lasso, and RF methods. E Violin plots of expression levels of common feature genes between Con and COPD groups in the GSE76925 dataset. ***p < 0.001