Table 3 The combination index values of 10-HDA and ZnONPs, including kidney lead content, kidney function tests, and the markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis
| Â | CI value | Effect |
|---|---|---|
Tissue lead content (ppm) | 0.44 ± 0.008 | Synergism |
Kidney function parameters | ||
BUN (mg/dl) | 0.43 ± 0.019 | Synergism |
Urea (mg/dl) | 0.41 ± 0.020 | Synergism |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.37 ± 0.005 | Synergism |
Cystatin C (mg/l) | 0.30 ± 0.04 | Synergism |
Oxidative stress indices | ||
MDA (mM/mg protein) | 0.52 ± 0.086 | Synergism |
GSH (mM/mg protein) | 0.63 ± 0.022 | Synergism |
GST (U/mg protein) | 0.72 ± 0.015 | Synergism |
SOD (U/mg protein) | 0.56 ± 0.022 | Synergism |
Nrf2 (relative band intensity) | 0.564 ± 0.025 | Synergism |
HO-1 (relative band intensity) | 0.55 ± 0.006 | Synergism |
Inflammatory mediators | ||
TNF-α (Fold change) | 0.10 ± 0.002 | Synergism |
IL-1β (Fold change) | 0.33 ± 0.023 | Synergism |
IL-6 (Fold change) | 0.37 ± 0.022 | Synergism |
IL-8 (Fold change) | 0.45 ± 0.046 | Synergism |
p-IKK (relative band intesity) | 0.492 ± 0.031 | Synergism |
NO (mM/mg protein) | 0.53 ± 0.019 | Synergism |
Apoptotic markers | ||
Bcl-2 (Fold change) | 0.60 ± 0.014 | Synergistic |
Caspase − 3 (Fold change) | 0.33 ± 0.03 | Synergistic |
Bax (Fold change) | 0.47 ± 0.03 | Synergistic |