Fig. 1

Annual amount and fluctuations in clinical trials of drug-drug interaction. The numbers above the bars represent the number of DDI clinical trials each year, while the red line indicates the percentage change in the number of DDI trials compared to the previous year. In July 2015, the introduction of China’s regulatory reform measures alleviated the backlog of applications. In 2017, China joined the International Conference on Harmonization, which brought about an increase in cooperation with prominent international institutions. The “Regulations on the Administration of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions” issued on November 29, 2019 and the amendment of the “Quality Management Practices for Pharmaceutical Clinical Trials” by the State Medical Products Administration and the National Health Commission on July 1, 2020. The “Technical Guidelines for Drug Interaction Research” published in January 2021 comprehensively describe the evaluation of drug interactions for drug research and development