Table 1 The endpoints which were reported
Studies | Efficacy outcomes | Adverse drug events reported | Type of surgery |
|---|---|---|---|
Elsharkawy 2018 [12] | Time to reach T6 sensory block (minute), onset time of motor block (minute), time for complete motor block (minute), pain free period (minute), number of patients needing supplementary analgesics, total post operative fentanyl consumption (µg) | Hypotension, nausea and vomiting, pruritus, shivering | Pre-eclampsia undergoing elective CS |
Faiz 2013 [13] | Sensory block onset, sensory block duration | Shivering | Elective CS |
Jabalameli 2012 [14] | - | Hypotension, nausea and vomiting, shivering, neurological deficit | Elective CS |
Malleeswaran 2010 [15] | Time to T12, duration of spinal anesthesia, time to onset of motor block, time to complete motor block | Hypotension, nausea, pruritus | Pre-eclampsia undergoing elective CS |
Paleti 2018 [16] | Onset of sensory blockade, onset of motor blockade, duration of sensory blockade, duration of motor blockade, time to first request of analgesia | Nausea, vomiting, shivering | Pre-eclampsia undergoing elective CS |
Sachidananda 2018 [17] | - | Shivering, nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, hypotension, arrhythmia | Elective CS |
Sun 2012 [18] | - | Shivering, bradycardia, hypotension, pruritus, nausea and vomiting | Elective CS |
Unlugenc 2009 [19] | Onset of sensory block, duration of sensory block, onset of motor block, duration of motor block, duration of spinal anesthesia, time to first request of analgesic | Shivering, pruritus, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia | Elective CS |
Xiao 2017 [20] | Sensory block onset time to T10, duration of sensory block, motor block onset time, duration of motor block, duration of anesthesia, consumption of fentanyl (µg) | Hypotension, nausea and vomiting, shivering, pruritus, severe sedation, respiratory depression, postdural puncture headache | Elective CS |
Yousef 2010 [21] | Time to reach sensory block, time to reach maximum sensory block, recovery of motor block, onset of post operative pain, highest level of sensory block T4,T3, T2 | Hypotension, nausea and vomiting, intra-operative pain or discomfort, post-operative pain, shivering, pruritus, dizziness | Elective CS |
Zhong 2018 [22] | Highest sensory level T4/T6, the onset of sensory block, the onset of motor block, duration of sensory block, duration of spinal anesthesia | Hypotension, pruritus, nausea and vomiting, shivering, uterine atonia | Pre-eclampsia undergoing elective CS |