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  1. Cefiderocol is a new drug class, which is approved to treat Gram-negative bacteria infection. Its approval for marketing has provided clinicians with additional options for treating antimicrobial resistant gra...

    Authors: Hao Lin, Chen Zhu, Shuang Liu, Yingmin Bi, Jindong Hu and Mohan Ju
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:58
  2. The aim of this study was to investigate AMD1 cardiotoxicity function for Maduramicin (Mad).

    Authors: Zi-Feng Xie, Han-Meng Liu, Jia-Fan Zhao, Yuan Gao, Yuan-Long Zhao, Jia-Yue Zheng, Xiao-Wei Pei, Ning Zhang and Ge Tian
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:55
  3. Dopamine receptor agonists (DAs) are widely used as first-line therapeutic agents for Parkinson’s disease. However, comparative clinical trials assessing their safety profiles are limited. This study aims to c...

    Authors: Li Mu, Jing Xu, Xiaomei Ye, Yongxian Jiang and Zhanmiao Yi
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:54
  4. Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbit, associated with a range of potential clinical sequelae. Tumor cells in TED overexpress pro-angiogenic factors, driving the formati...

    Authors: Zixuan Wu, Jun Peng, Xi Long, Kang Tan, Xiaolei Yao and Qinghua Peng
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:53
  5. Authors: Ramez M. Odat, Mushood Ahmed, Sakhr Alshwayyat, Ayham Mohammad Hussein, Taif Haitham AlSaraireh, Ahmad M. Molhem, Ali O. Aldamen, Malak Ababneh, Bishr Quwaider, Hritvik Jain, Jehad A. Yasin, Hamdah Hanifa and Raheel Ahmed
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:52

    The original article was published in BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:36

  6. An increasing number of clinical studies have highlighted the use of atezolizumab in tumor immunotherapy. However, There is still a lack of comprehensive research on its associated adverse events (AEs). To imp...

    Authors: Zhuoyang Li, Ning Zhu, Yuwei Liu, Yan Yu, Tianhong Wang, Congcong Zou, Siman Wang and Xiaofeng Ou
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:51
  7. Antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) product specifications identify gastrointestinal adverse reactions. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of comparative studies pertaining to these side effects of similar medication...

    Authors: Yanshuo Shi, Kaiqing Yao, Jianqun Zhao, Yuanyuan Yue and Huizhen Wu
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:50
  8. NLRP3 (Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, LRR and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) is a pivotal regulator of inflammation, with strong implications in gout, neurodegenerative diseases, and various in...

    Authors: Pingyang Qin, Yuzhen Niu, Jizheng Duan and Ping Lin
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:49
  9. Triple-negative breast cancer is a clinically aggressive malignancy with poorer outcomes versus other subtypes of breast cancer. Numerous reports have discussed the use of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) aga...

    Authors: Jing Wang, Yuna Wang, Shuanggou Zhang, Hongtao Hu, Ruohan Zhang, Chengting Zi, Jun Sheng and Peiyuan Sun
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:48
  10. Linezolid (LZD) is used to treat infectious diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria, but thrombocytopenia is one of the main adverse reactions to LZD administration. Early prediction of linezolid-induced thr...

    Authors: Ya Yang, Xiaogang Hu, Ya Ran, Hongqian Wang, Peishu Fu, Pengpeng Wan, Zhongqing Deng, Xiaoqin Lang, Ning Wang, Fengjun Sun, Yahan Fan and Yuntao Jia
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:47
  11. Romiplostim, eltrombopag, and avatrombopag, as new-generation thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), have been widely used in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Given their similar efficacy, ...

    Authors: Xiaoling Wang, Yunsong Li and Wei Zhuang
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:46
  12. Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) is a devastating hematologic malignancy associated with advanced age. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most common morbidities worldwide, with metformin serving as the first ...

    Authors: Tamer Hellou, Guy Dumanis, Shir Portugez, Aviv Philip Goncharov, Eden Trodler, Asaf Stern, Imanuel Carlebach, Omer Kahlon, Maysan Abu Jwella, Ekram Nimer, Ahlam Athamna, Aya Berman, Gad Segal and Reut Kassif Lerner
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:45
  13. Limited understanding exists regarding the haemorrhagic risk resulting from potential interactions between lenvatinib and pembrolizumab. We investigated haemorrhagic adverse events (ADEs) associated with co-ad...

    Authors: Shiqiao Wang, Guizhi Ren, Heng Pan, Jiayi Chen, Jiayu Huang, Qinghua Mei, Zhongze Li and Guosheng Zou
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:44
  14. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy primarily diagnosed in older adults. For younger patients, treatment options often include regimens based on fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituxim...

    Authors: Mohammad Amin Karimi, Hanieh Norooziseyedhosseini, Reza Khademi, Alireza Ghajary, Haniyeh Kargar, Seyyedeh Sana Abdollahi, Mohaddeseh Belbasi, Mahdyieh Naziri, Niloofar Deravi, Sajjad Hajihosseini and Saharnaz Mofidi
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:43
  15. Deutetrabenazine, a selective vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor, has been demonstrated efficacy in treating refractory neurologic disorders such as Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) and Huntington...

    Authors: Guangwei Qing, Shiyi Ye, Bo Wei and Yuanjian Yang
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:41
  16. Berberine, a naturally occurring alkaloid, has shown promise as a neuroprotective agent in preclinical models of ischemic stroke. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the neuroprotective eff...

    Authors: Ghasem Dolatkhah Laein, Elahe Boumeri, Saghar Ghanbari, Amin Bagherian, Fatemeh Ahmadinasab, Vahid Poudineh, Shima Payandeh and Negar Rashidi
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:40
  17. The olanzapine/samidorphan (OLZ/SAM) combination is being regarded as a new strategy to combat weight gain induced by olanzapine (OLZ), and its safety is of significant concern. Specifically, as samidorphan is...

    Authors: Luyao He, Mengting Shen, Lei Zhang, Yan Li and Huafang Li
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:39
  18. Methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and amphetamine are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD, approved by the FDA. Despite their widespread use, real-world studies on their serious adverse effects are l...

    Authors: Linman Wu, Dan Zhao, Yongqing Lan, Liuyin Jin and Lijuan Yang
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:38
  19. The risk factors for gastrointestinal complications during glucocorticoid therapy in internal medicine inpatients are rarely reported. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for gastrointestinal comp...

    Authors: Pengpeng Liu, Guangyao Li, Qinglin Yang, Kai Cao and Jiawei Wang
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:37
  20. Cilostazol has been widely used to prevent peripheral vascular events after PCI. However, guidelines in cilostazol-based triple antiplatelet therapy for patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing PCI rema...

    Authors: Ramez M. Odat, Mushood Ahmed, Sakhr Alshwayyat, Ayham Mohammad Hussein, Taif Haitham AlSaraireh, Ahmad M. Molhem, Ali O. Aldamen, Malak Ababneh, Bishr Quwaider, Hritvik Jain, Jehad A. Yasin, Hamdah Hanifa and Raheel Ahmed
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:36

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:52

  21. To assess the food effects and pharmacokinetic profile of oral prednisone (test preparation,5 mg) and prednisolone tablets (reference preparation,5 mg) using a randomized, two-period, two crossover, single-dos...

    Authors: Baole Cai, Lingjun Li, Pengcheng Ma, Lei Tao, Jun Wei, Hongyang Li, Zhujun Shao, Yumin Yao, Yindi Zhong and Yibing Li
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:34
  22. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis is influenced by environmental factors, including Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) exposure. This study aims to identify BaP-related toxicological targets and eluc...

    Authors: Jiehua Deng, Lixia Wei, Yongyu Chen, Xiaofeng Li, Hui Zhang, Xuan Wei, Xin Feng, Xue Qiu, Bin Liang and Jianquan Zhang
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:33
  23. The aim of this study was to develop a ciclopirox (CXP) topical nano spray using nanotechnology to enhance drug bioavailability and skin absorption. A precipitation method was employed to incorporate CXP in it...

    Authors: Yasir Mehmood, Hira Shahid, Rabbia Nazir, Mohammad N. Uddin, Mohammad Nur-e-Alam, Mohammed Bourhia, Khalid S. Almaary, Mohsin Kazi and Ousman B. Mahamat
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:32
  24. Scorpion envenomation is a worldwide problem, especially in tropical and subtropical areas like Egypt. Scorpion envenomation is responsible for the high mortality rate all over the world, which makes much rese...

    Authors: Meray Medhat Shokry Zaghary and Mai Mostafa Abd ElKader
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:31
  25. The therapeutic value of pregabalin in managing various pathological states, such as sleep, anxiety, and bipolar disorders, fibromyalgia, epilepsy, and others, cannot be overstated. Nevertheless, the gonadotox...

    Authors: Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi, Motolani Susan Borisade, Precious Oyedokun, Oyedayo Phillips Akano, Lydia Oluwatoyin Ajayi, David Tolulope Oluwole and Wale Johnson Adeyemi
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:30
  26. The intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Dex) is widely used for various ocular conditions, including diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and non-infectious uveitis. Despite its efficacy...

    Authors: Chao-fu Zhao, Lina Lan, Xing-yu Shi, Jun Li and Shipei Fan
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:29
  27. This study aimed to investigate the entire adverse events (AEs) spectrum and to identify some new or rare AEs associated with empagliflozin based on the FAERS database.

    Authors: Huiping Hu, Maochang Liu, Zhiwen Fu, Shijun Li, Kaiping Wang and Zi Huang
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:28
  28. By using the FAERS database, we aim to identify and assess risk signals of adverse drug events (ADEs) potentially causing pericardial effusion, to inform clinical drug management and promote rational drug use.

    Authors: Gaocan Ren, Pingping Huang, Yanqiu Ding and Xiaochang Ma
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:27
  29. To evaluate the efficacy of the otoprotective transtympanic application of N-acetylcysteine in preventing chemotherapy-induced ototoxicity in patients subjected to platinum-based chemotherapy.

    Authors: Mohamed Tawalbeh, Rewan M. Ibrahim, Taif Al-Saraireh, Lubna Khreesha and Baeth Al Rawashdeh
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:26
  30. The global dissemination of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKp) poses a critical threat to public health. However, comprehensive data on the prevalence and resistance rates of CR-hv...

    Authors: Motahareh Sabaghi Qala Nou, Zahra Amirian, Fatemeh Dehghani, Amir-Kazem Vejdan, Roghayeh Rooin and Sadegh Dehghanmehr
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:25
  31. A number of pharmaceuticals, including antidepressants and antiepileptics, have a strong correlation with suicide risk. However, it is not entirely clear which of these medications are more strongly associated...

    Authors: Wen-long Xie, Dao-chun Xiang, Yuan-yuan Li, Meng-lan Ge and Ai-ping Deng
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:24
  32. Glia mediated neuroinflammation and degeneration of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons are some of the hall marks of pyrethroid neurotoxicity. Here we investigated the sex specific responses of inflammatory cyt...

    Authors: Aminu Imam, Christianah Oyegbola, Maryam Busari, Adewumi Mercy Gbemisola, Laaro Abubakar, Ajala Taofeeqoh Odunayo, Alhassan Godwin Attai, Ajibola Musa Iyiola, Wahab Abdulmajeed Imam, Aalimah Akinosho Akorede, Omamuyovwi Meashack Ijomone and Moyosore Salihu Ajao
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:22
  33. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-4/6 inhibitors have significantly improved outcomes in several cancers but can also induce various organ system toxicities, including musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed t...

    Authors: Zhenlin Chen, Zhiwen Fu, Nu Zhang, Wenbin Zou and Wei Chen
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:21
  34. Osteoporosis (OP), often termed the “silent epidemic,” poses a substantial public health burden. Emerging insights into the molecular functions of FBXW4 have spurred interest in its potential roles across vari...

    Authors: Jinxiao Li, Jing Li, Man Zheng, Jinxing Liu and Xinyou Zhao
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:20
  35. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a hallmark of age-related cognitive decline, is defined by its unique neuropathology. Metabolic dysregulation, particularly involving glutamine (Gln) metabolism, has emerged as a crit...

    Authors: Naifei Xing, Jingwei Yan, Rong Gao, Aihua Zhang, Huiyan He, Man Zheng and Guojing Li
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:19
  36. Renal fibrosis is crucial in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal failure. Geniposide, an iridoid glycoside, has shown therapeutic potential in acute kidney injury, diabetic nephr...

    Authors: Mengqian Liu, Wenman Zhao, Rui Shi, Zhijuan Wang, Xunliang Li and Deguang Wang
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:17
  37. Dermatophytes, the primary causative agents of superficial cutaneous fungal infections in humans, present a significant therapeutic challenge owing to the increasing prevalence of recurrent infections and the ...

    Authors: R. Shashika R. Rajakulasooriya, S. S. Neluka Fernando, T. D. Chinthika P. Gunasekara, Pradeep M. Jayaweera, K. G. Upul R. Kumarasinghe, H. Harshani P. M. J. Thabrew, Enoch Chan, R. B. J. Buddhika, G. G. Yashoda H. Weerasinghe and K. A. A. Ureshani Karunarathna
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:16
  38. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by complex pathophysiological changes affecting both autonomic and somatic components of the nervous system. Inflammation and oxidative stres...

    Authors: Murat Arı, Mumin Alper Erdogan and Oytun Erbaş
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:15
  39. To determine the relative effectiveness of combination therapy of antidepressants with low-dose methylfolate versus antidepressant monotherapy in patients with depressive disorder.

    Authors: Afifa Siddique, Muhammad Masood Khokhar, Akbar Waheed, Uzma Naeem and Shahzad Akhtar Aziz
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:14
  40. Movento an insecticide containing spirotetramat, has been shown to cause severe toxicity in humans and rats. Due to the widespread use of the Movento in agriculture, and since the cardiac effects of this toxin...

    Authors: Iman Zangiabadi, Majid Askaripour, Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh, Firuzeh Badreh, Mohammad Mehdi Bagheri, Elham Jafari, Ali Shamsara, Golnaz Shafiei and Soodeh Rajabi
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:13
  41. Cypermethrin (CYP), a synthetic pyrethroid widely used to control plant pests, has been associated with various diseases in humans exposed to pesticides, either directly or indirectly. This study aimed to exam...

    Authors: Mansour Nazari, Mohammadmahdi Sabahi, Arash Salehipour, Sara Ami Ahmadi, Azin Kazemi, Shahab Razipour, Nafiseh Faraji and Alireza Komaki
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:12

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:42

  42. Interleukin-23 (IL-23) inhibitors and the IL-12/23 inhibitor ustekinumab constitute a pivotal class of therapeutic agents employed in the clinical management of Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated skin disord...

    Authors: Wentao Shi, Ziyi Zhao, Yinghong Zhai, Xiaofei Ye and Feng Xu
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:11
  43. Few Chinese study compared the impacts of idarubicin and daunorubicin based “3+7” intensive chemotherapies on early and long-term outcomes of AML patients through exploring their real-world data.

    Authors: Jianhui Xu, Chaoyang Song, Yanjie He, Rui Huang and Sanfang Tu
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:10
  44. The study evaluated the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of myrcenol and curzerene on a high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia rat model. Thirty male albino rats were fed on a high-fat diet for four months. The HFD-i...

    Authors: Sana Tahir, Abdullah Abdo, Aisha Mobashar, Arham Shabbir, Komal Najam, Aisha Ibrahim, Khalid Hussain, Yousef A. Bin Jardan, Samir Ibenmoussa and Youssouf Ali Younous
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:9
  45. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative delirium in elderly orthopedic surgery patients.

    Authors: Jing Sun, Duo Wang, Yue Zhao, Ying Bai, Shufang Wang, Chang Meng, Guobin Miao and Peng Liu
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:8
  46. Piperine, a secondary metabolite, affects the antihyperlipidemic effect of Ezetimibe (EZ). Hyperlipidemia is one of the independent risk factors for cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. Antihyperl...

    Authors: Kavitha Marati, Sujatha Palatheeya, Ananda Kumar Chettupalli and Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:7
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