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  1. To investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics, preliminary efficacy, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity of QX002N, an interleukin-17 A monoclonal antibody, in Chinese patients with active ankylosing spondyliti...

    Authors: Min Wu, Qianqian Li, Min Fang, Hong Zhang and Yanhua Ding
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:107
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Drug abuse can impact the function of immune cells, leading to a compromised immune system response. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Methamphetamine and its detoxification agent...

    Authors: Ghasem Mosayebi, Seyed Mohammad Moazzeni, Hadiseh Farahani, Hassan Solhi, Mohammad Rafiei and Ali Ghazavi
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:106
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. This randomized, open-label, two period, two treatment, fasting bioequivalence trial was conducted to demonstrate the bioequivalence between riluzole tablets manufactured by Jiangsu Enhua Pharmaceutical Co., L...

    Authors: Fei Yu, Rui Wang, Keli Wang, BoYang Lin, Xuan Zhou, Linghong Chen, Li Ma, Zheng Liao and Wanggang Zhang
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:105
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Antimicrobials are frequently prescribed in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), where drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with other medications may exacerbate clinical outcomes. Limited evidence exists on the prevalence a...

    Authors: Shanshan Xu, Zhihui Song, Jie Bai and Jiawei Wang
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:104
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory bowel disease. Recent studies have shown that lactylation modifications may be involved in metabolic-immune interactions in intestinal inflam...

    Authors: Yao Yang, Xu Sun, Bin Liu, Yunshu Zhang, Tong Xie, Junchen Li, Jifeng Liu and Qingkai Zhang
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:103
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Ocular drug delivery is challenging due to the eye’s unique anatomy and physiology, which limit drug absorption and distribution. Traditional methods like eye drops have poor bioavailability and often require ...

    Authors: Susanta Paul, Subhabrota Majumdar, Mainak Chakraborty, Swarupananda Mukherjee, Nilanjan Sarkar, Bhupendra Prajapati, Nemat Ali, Abdullah F. AlAsmari and Shamama Nishat
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:102
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevalent in critical care, often due to nephrotoxic drug exposure, which accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. Current biomarkers, like serum creatinine, lack sensitiv...

    Authors: Esam Mohammed Abdallah Ali, Emad Ahmad Mohamad Yousef, Maha Abd El-Hamed Helal, Mohammed Hamdi Mohammed, Meray Medhat Shokry Zaghary and Marwa Ahmed Hasb Elnabi
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:101
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Everolimus is used in the treatment of breast cancer by targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, particularly during anti-hormonal therapy. The efficacy of everolimus is limited due to a feedback loop that supress...

    Authors: Şeyma Demirkesen, Yakup İriağaç, Erdoğan Selçuk Şeber and Cenk Aral
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:100
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Interferons (IFNs) are proteins that combat viruses and regulate the immune system. Studies have demonstrated that aerosol inhalation of IFNα is both effective and safe for treating respiratory infections. How...

    Authors: Wenqi Huang, Yanneng Kang, Yajun Zhao, Jiao Yang, Changjuan Dai, Weibing Wu, Jinchao Xu, Wen Jin, Xiaolu Wu and Qing Zhou
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:99
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as drug delivery carriers by employing two drug-loading techniques: coincubation and freeze–thaw cycles.

    Authors: Divya Ramesh, Shankar M. Bakkannavar, Vinutha R. Bhat, K. Sreedhara Ranganath Pai and Krishna Sharan
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:98
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Non-small cell carcinoma is the main pathologic type of lung cancer, and a large number of clinical trials have shown that epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosinase inhibitors exhibit superior clinical effic...

    Authors: Chang Lu, Dongmei Cheng, Yunqiu Xie, Minghong Shang, Rongzhen Chen, Yongqiang Zhu, Jian Gong and Huan Zhou
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:97
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Today, the number of cesarean section has drastically increased. Newer scientific reports have shown Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) to have favorable outcomes for anesthesia. In this analysis, we aimed to systemati...

    Authors: Yuanhui Zhang, Yan Huang and Jun Li
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:96
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Doxorubicin (DOX), a common chemotherapeutic agent, is often associated with dose-limiting hepatotoxicity. Alamandine, a peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, has shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pro...

    Authors: Ava Soltani Hekmat, Maryam Hekmat, Sepehr Ramezanipour and Kazem Javanmardi
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:95
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Cirrhosis is considered as a severe liver disease that causes partial liver damage as well as total liver destruction; It remains a significant health concern. Sugar cane juice is a particularly beneficial bev...

    Authors: Fatma El-Zahraa S. Mohamed, Hebat-Allah S. Tohamy and Mohamed El-Sakhawy
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:94
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Azithromycin (ATM) has limitations, such as poor oral bioavailability and gastrointestinal (GI) side effects that restrict its widespread application.

    Authors: Jitu Halder, Shuvam Mishra, Ivy Saha, Ajit Mishra, Ritu Mahanty, Vineet Kumar Rai, Deepak Pradhan, Rakesh Kumar Sahoo, Salim Manoharadas, Muralidhar Tata, Biswakanth Kar, Goutam Ghosh and Goutam Rath
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:93
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Elderly patients are at a heightened risk of drug-drug interactions due to their high prevalence of comorbidities, polypharmacy, and age-related physiological changes that alter drug metabolism and excretion. ...

    Authors: Tekletsadik Tekleslassie Alemayehu, Gebremariam Wulie Geremew, Addisu Afrassa Tegegne, Gebresilassie Tadesse, Demis Getachew, Habtamu Semagn Ayele, Abebaw Setegn Yazie, Setegn Fentahun, Tesfaye Birhanu Abebe, Tefera Minwagaw and Yilkal Abebaw Wassie
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:92
    Content type: Systematic Review Published on:

  17. Ganirelix, a third-generation GnRH antagonist, is widely used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) for rapid pituitary suppression to prevent premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surges. Despite its extensi...

    Authors: Yang Yang, Zhiwei Cui, Xiaoshan Feng, Fan Zou and Xiaoling Wu
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:91
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. We explored the astounding potential of quercetin (QRT) to counteract the determinantal impacts of a high-fat diet (HFD) on testicular function in rat model. The goal was to understand how QRT, and its mechani...

    Authors: Mona H. Hafez, Shereen B. Gad and Yasser S. El-Sayed
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:90
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) is a potent mutagen that induces gliomas in experimental models. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ENU-induced gliomagenesis can provide insights into glioma pathogenesis...

    Authors: Bo Tan, Tao Chen, Peng Song, Feng Lin, Shuangyin He, Shiyuan Zhang and Xiaohong Yin
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:89
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. The safety information of netarsudil primarily comes from clinical trials experience. This study aimed to explore the ocular and systemic safety of netarsudil through data mining the FDA Adverse Event Reportin...

    Authors: Xiaomei Xiong, Xiuwen Zhang, Fengmin Tang and Taomin Huang
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:88
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a critical cerebrovascular condition, and nicotine exposure is a known risk factor. This study delves into the toxicological mechanisms of nicotine in IA, aiming to identify key b...

    Authors: Qiang Ma, Longnian Zhou and Zhongde Li
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:86
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug, is used to treat psychological diseases. However, it’s use carries common side effects. Those include weight gain, dyslipidemia, elevated glucose levels, and disrupt...

    Authors: Samir A. E. Bashandy, Rasha E. Mostafa, Marawan A. El-Baset, Fatma A. A. Ibrahim, Fatma A. Morsy, Omar A. Farid, Halima M. Ibrahim and Bassim M. S. A. Mohamed
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:84
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Ischemia-reperfusion leads to varying degrees of myocardial cell injury. Notably, long noncoding RNA was associated with the protective effect of sevoflurane (Sev) preconditioning against myocardial ischemic i...

    Authors: Ling Wang, Changhua Zhu, Yangge Shao, Rui Chen and Hui Liang
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:83
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Faricimab is a bispecific antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), offering a novel therapeutic approach for ocular diseases. However, its long-term safety profi...

    Authors: Chuanya Liu, Shangze Li, Ziyi Wang, Zhifu Li, Zhou Fang, Yuan Zhang and Yu Gao
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:82
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Among the detrimental side effects caused by radiotherapy in young females is the ovarian damage, eventually causing premature ovarian failure (POF). While many signaling pathways contribute to the pathogenesi...

    Authors: Nada A. Mahgoub, Doaa A. El-Sherbiny and Ebtehal El-Demerdash
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:81
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Secretory Otitis Media (SOM) is a non-suppurative inflammatory disease of the middle ear. Saikosaponin D (SSD), a compound with significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, was investigated f...

    Authors: Minjing Yin and Xiuli Han
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:79
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Ophthalmic drugs typically last only around 15 minutes due to rapid elimination from tear flow, with only about 2% absorption, while the rest may enter the nasal mucosa, potentially causing systemic side effec...

    Authors: Ramin Ghasemi Shayan, Dorsa Jalaei and Faramarz Dobakhti
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:77
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading fatal cardiovascular disease and poses a major threat to human health. Pyroptosis, an inflammation-related programmed cell death, plays a critical role in the pro...

    Authors: Jie Zhou, Huifei Zhou, Jianfeng Zhu and Shunjin Fang
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:76
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Two straightforward, affordable, accurate, and spectrophotometric techniques gross developed to assess norfloxacin, formulations, and biological samples. The oxidation of norfloxacin will be done in technique ...

    Authors: Muhammad Naeem Khan, Muhammad Adnan, Nusrat Bibi, Asif Kamal, Abd El-Zaher M. A. Mustafa and Iftikhar Ali
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:75
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a severe genetic disorder causing anemia, pain, and organ damage, affecting millions globally. Voxelotor, approved in the United States in 2019, targeted sickle cell disease pathop...

    Authors: Ying Lin, Hua Li, Yuqing Dong, Weiyue Fang, He Huang, Muqing He, Xiaohai Zhou and Ni Sun
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:74
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Melasma is a common hyperpigmentation disorder that causes significant distress to patients. In the real world, it is closely associated with various medications, making the timely identification and discontin...

    Authors: Yaxin Qu, Shuxin Wang, Hanzhang Xie, Xiao Meng, Bingnan Cui and Zhanshuo Xiao
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:73
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. This pharmacovigilance study aims to assess adverse reactions to rotigotine based on spontaneous reports in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, providing insights for clinical dosing.

    Authors: Jiakuan Tu, Chaoxiang Zhang, Yichun Qiu, Hao Zhang, Jiaxin Zheng, Shuihua Xie and Jianhua He
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:72
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Cold ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a multifactorial process detrimental to liver graft function during liver transplantation (LT). Although flushing hepatic grafts prior to reperfusion have been well exp...

    Authors: Ikram Ben Jeddou, Mohamed Amine Zaouali, Roua Chaabani, Sameh Belgacem, Amira Cherif and Hassen Ben Abdennebi
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:70
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Lead is a heavy metal contaminant that can cause significant alterations in renal structure and function, resulting in nephrotoxicity. The fatty acids of royal jelly exhibit immunoregulatory, anticancer, anti-...

    Authors: Samar R. Saleh, Raheel G. Agwah, Samar S. Elblehi, Ahmed Z. Ghareeb, Doaa A. Ghareeb and Adham M. Maher
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:69
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of quercetin against arsenic-induced oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in mouse BALB/c 3T3 fibroblast cells (NIH-3T3). Arsenic at different con...

    Authors: Velid Unsal, Cumali Keskin and Erkan Oner
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:68
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Hepatotoxicity of pyrazinamide, an antituberculosis drug, limits its therapeutic use and oxidative stress has been implicated in this toxicity. This study investigated the protective effects of adenosine triph...

    Authors: Sedat Ciftel, Serpil Ciftel, Durdu Altuner, Gulbaniz Huseynova, Nurinisa Yucel, Ali Sefa Mendil, Cengiz Sarigul, Halis Suleyman and Seval Bulut
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:67
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. The number of drug-drug interaction (DDI) clinical trials in China has increased rapidly in recent years. The aim of this study was to summarize and analyze DDI clinical trials in China over the past 10 years....

    Authors: Jianxiong Zhang, Jingxuan Wu, Jiangshuo Li, Meixia Liu, Shaodan Liu, Ruirui He and Ruihua Dong
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:66
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. Although gemcitabine monotherapy (G treatment) has long been a standard treatment, combination therapies, such as gemcit...

    Authors: Puen Jiang, Kezhen Zong, Dadi Peng, Baoyong Zhou and Zhongjun Wu
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:65
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Sepsis is a life-threating cause in childhood ages. The recognition and treatment early are significant for decreasing mortality. Sepsis has many factors and various biomarkers function in the pathogenesis, th...

    Authors: Hatice Feray Arı, Murat Arı and Serdal Ogut
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:64
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Loop diuretics, including furosemide, torsemide, and bumetanide, are widely utilized in the management of volume overload-related conditions. Although previous studies have extensively documented risks such as...

    Authors: ZeHu Xue, Xi Liu, QiFeng Liu, XiuMing Yang and LiXia Yu
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:63
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Among healthy Chinese subjects, two capsules of dabigatran etexilate were tested for bioequivalence.

    Authors: Zhuan Yang, Qin Li, Danfeng Yu, Xiaojuan Zhang, Ying Wang, Shijing Liu, Lu Chen, Yan Zhou, Chen Zeng, Yan Zeng, Chen Cai, Yun Xiong, Qian Zhang, Na Li, Peng Du, Lin Liu…
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:62
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Crizotinib, an anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ALK-TKI). It gained approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specifically for treating ALK-positive non-small cell lung can...

    Authors: Huan Zhang, Yunrui Song, Fantong Xia, Yunchang Liu, Lu Zhang, Jieying Yang, Honglei Tu, Bin Long, Jiangdong Sui and Ying Wang
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:61
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. The current work aims to develop a reliable and robust RP-HPLC method for analyzing Fosamprenavir and its potential impurities, including isomer, amino, propyl, nitro, and Amprenavir. The method used a Zobrax ...

    Authors: Ramreddy Godela, Vinod Kumar Nelson, Mohana Vamsi Nuli, Pavan Kumar Jaini, Shilpi Pathak, Krishnaphanisri Ponnekanti, Punna Rao Suryadevara, Gowri Sankararao Burle, Vinyas Mayasa and Kavindra Kumar Kesari
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:60
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as a globally prevalent liver disease, closely linked to the rising incidence of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Dapaglif...

    Authors: Xingyu Fan, Yueyue Wang, Yue Wang, Hao Duan, Yijun Du, Tianrong Pan and Xing Zhong
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:59
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration approved a new oral selective estrogen receptor downregulator for breast cancer, namely, elacestrant (Orserdu). This study aimed to analyze the signals of adverse ...

    Authors: Ziyi Fan, Yanan Xu, Shuding Guo and Bin Song
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2025 26:56
    Content type: Research Published on:
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BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology

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